中共监视异议人士Gmail隐私 Google拟退出中国

For some background information: GFW research team tried heavily to crack down the SSL certificate for gmail (thus, they can censor the gmail content through GFW).

Google Warns of China Exit Over Hacking http://online.wsj.com/article/SB ... _LEADNewsCollection Web Giant Says Cyber Attack Targeted at Least 20 Foreign Firms, Email of Rights Activists; A Major Challenge to Beijing Google Inc. said it may back out of China after an investigation found the company had been hit with major cyber attacks it believes originated from the country -- a move that would amount to one of the highest-profile rebukes yet of China by a major U.S. firm. Google said it believed the attackers were trying to access the Gmail accounts of Chinese human-rights activists. It said at least 20 other large companies were also targeted and that it was in the process of notifying those companies and working with U.S. authorities. A Google spokesman declined to identify the 20 other companies. The company said it will be talking with the Chinese government in coming weeks about how it might operate in China without censorship, long a thorn in the side of Western Web concerns operating there. "We have decided we are no longer willing to continue censoring our results" on its China Web site, Google.cn," the company's chief legal officer, David Drummond, said in the post. More Digits: Google statement on China approach Baidu Says Hackers Hit Web Site From the Archives Google Searches for Fix in China (09/05/2009) Google Rushes to Catch Up in China (12/16/2005) Journal Community Vote: Should Google leave China over cyber attacks? "We recognize that this may well mean having to shut down Google.cn, and potentially our offices in China," Mr. Drummond wrote. For Google to withdraw from China would be an extremely rare repudiation by a Western company of what is almost universally seen in big business as one of the world's most important markets. Even the public suggestion that it is considering such a move is likely to infuriate Chinese authorities. Chinese officials couldn't immediately be reached for comment. The government in the past has repeatedly defended its handling of the Internet, and has rejected accusations that China is responsible for cyber attacks against foreign entities. Google launched its Chinese-language search engine in 2006, agreeing to censor some of its results, a move that sparked sharp criticism from human-rights groups and Web-industry officials who are critical of any restrictions on the Internet. Tensions between Google and the Chinese government began soon, escalating in 2009 when Chinese officials reprimanded Google and accused it of having pornography on its sites; several Google services were temporarily inaccessible in China. Google's video-sharing site, YouTube, has also been inaccessible within China for the past number of months, and has been periodically banned in the past. Google's move comes as the company has been in negotiations with Chinese officials over various Google services in China. Last year, it agreed to remove some foreign-language links on its China homepage to placate Chinese officials. Google said yesterday it was making its move because it detected a "highly sophisticated and targeted attack on our corporate infrastructure originating from China" in mid-December. Google said the attack resulted in "the theft of intellectual property from Google." The company said that only two Gmail accounts appeared to have been accessed. "These attacks and the surveillance they have uncovered -- combined with the attempts over the past year to further limit free speech on the Web -- have led us to conclude that we should review the feasibility of our business operations in China," Google's Mr. Drummond wrote. "We will be discussing with the Chinese government the basis on which we could operate an unfiltered search engine within the law, if at all," he wrote. Google has struggled to gain search-market share in China, against local Chinese company Baidu Inc., which leads the market. Google's share of China's search market by revenue has been growing and stood at 29% in the second quarter of 2009, according to research firm Analysys International. Google's main Chinese competitors, especially Baidu, are seen as far more ready to comply with government-censorship rules, and have avoided the periodic blocking and official criticism that Google has experienced. Google's revenue in China is relatively small, with analysts estimating that only a few percentage points of Google's company's nearly $22 billion in 2008 revenue came from the nation. But the country's massive number of Internet users has made it strategically important for Google, as it tried to extend its dominance in search and search advertising around the globe. Google suffered another setback in September when Kai-Fu Lee, the high-profile former Microsoft Corp. executive it had hired in 2005 to lead its China operation, left to work on his own Chinese Internet venture. Google may go the way of other Internet companies, such as eBay Inc. and Yahoo Inc., which abandoned expansion plans in China in recent years -- although none of them in the publicly critical way that Google is suggesting. Both transferred their China businesses to local players in exchange for equity stakes. Foreign Internet companies have all struggled in China both against tough commercial competition and also government regulation and censorship. The common assumption, however, is that no matter how onerous the limitations and challenges faced by foreign companies in China, the market is too big and important to walk away from. That calculation has forced a number of foreign firms to accept conditions in China that they might not tolerate elsewhere. The country has 338 million Internet users as of June, more than any other country. Google would be the most high-profile Western company in recent years to draw a line under the kind of compromises it is prepared to make and walk away from China. It would be an extremely rare case of a foreign company taking a stand on human rights, and placing that issue over commercial considerations. A number of foreign companies exited China after the Chinese army crushed student protesters around Tiananmen Square in 1989. But they mostly came back in the following years. A Google withdrawal would also be an implicit rejection of the argument made by many technology companies that their presence in China overall helps expand access to information for Chinese citizens, despite censorship. —Andrew Browne and Siobhan Gorman contributed to this report.