2009最新世界十大独裁者 穆加贝力压巴希尔金正日

1、穆加贝（Robert Mugabe） 津巴布韦总统 85岁 2、巴希尔（Omar al-Bashir） 苏丹总统 65岁 3、金正日（Kim Jong-Il） 朝鲜委员长 67岁 4、丹瑞（Than Shwe） 缅甸主席 76岁 5、阿卜杜拉（King Abdullah） 沙特国王 85岁 6、胡锦涛66岁（名次好像下降了） 7、哈梅内伊（Sayyid Ali Khamenei） 伊朗最高精神领袖 69岁 8、伊萨亚斯（Isayas Afewerki） 厄立特里亚总统 63岁 9、别尔德穆哈梅多夫（Gurbanguly Berdymuhammedov） 土库曼斯坦总统 51岁 10、卡扎菲（Muammar al-Qaddafi） 利比亚领导人 66岁 11、卡里莫夫（Islam Karimov） 乌兹别克斯坦总统 71 12、巴沙尔（Syria） 叙利亚总统 43 13、劳尔·卡斯特罗（Raul Castro） 古巴最高领导人 77 14、奥多罗·奥比昂（Teodoro Obiang Nguema） 赤道几内亚总统 66 15、卢卡申科（Aleksandr Lukashenka） 白俄罗斯总统 54 16、吉尔马（Meles Zenawi） 埃塞俄比亚总统 53 17、代比（Idriss Deby） 乍得总统 56 18、姆斯瓦蒂三世（King Mswati III） 斯威士兰国王 40 19、保罗·比亚（Paul Biya） 喀麦隆总统 76 20、穆巴拉克（Hosni Mubarak） 埃及总统 80 这里有3个社会主义国家，2个君主制国家，10个非洲国家，8个亚洲国家，1个美洲和欧洲国家。 美国《华盛顿邮报》发行的周末副刊杂志《大观（PARADE）》21日报道说，北韩领导人金正日在“世界十大独裁者”中位居第三。 《大观》每年都评选出“世界十大独裁者”，去年将朝鲜国防委员长金正日评为世界十大独裁者之首，但今年将其排名降至第三位。 该杂志每年都以美国国务院和国际人权团体“人权观察”、Amnesty International、Reporters sans frontières等方面的资料和情报为基础，对践踏人权、居民在领导者统治下承受的痛苦程度、他们行使的绝对权力的程度等进行分析，评选并公布世界十大独裁者。 在今年的评选中，津巴布韦总统罗伯特-穆加贝“力压”金正日排在首位，成为世界最腐朽的独裁者。 去年排名第六的穆加贝自1987年执政以后肆意进行铁拳统治，甚至将经济推向崩溃的边缘，失业率高达85%，在严重的通货膨胀局面下，政府于今年1月甚至发行了面值500亿津元的钞票。另外，去年8月份以后霍乱猖獗，导致3800多人死亡。 在世界十大独裁者中排名第二的是苏丹总统奥马尔-阿尔-巴希尔，他去年也排在第二位。巴希尔是主导达尔富尔大屠杀的罪魁祸首，国际刑事法院(ICC)最近对他发出了逮捕令。 位居第四的是缅甸军政最高领导人丹瑞。去年5月袭击缅甸的飓风“纳尔吉斯”造成14万人死亡或失踪，受灾居民达200万人以上，但丹瑞却推迟救助团体进入灾区，受到国际社会的谴责。丹瑞去年排在第三位。 其次是沙特阿拉伯国王阿卜杜拉，他去年排在第四位，今年下降到第五位。在沙特阿拉伯，女性未经男性保护者的允许不能就业、旅游、求学、结婚，甚至不给女性发放身份证，而且连刑法都不存在。 1. Robert Mugabe Zimbabwe Age: 85 In power since: 1980 Last year's rank: 6 Inflation in Zimbabwe is so bad that in January the government released a $50 billion note — enough to buy two loaves of bread. The unemployment rate has risen to more than 85%. In 2008, Mugabe agreed to hold an election, but it became clear that he would accept the result only if he won. His supporters launched attacks on the opposition, killing 163 and torturing or beating 5000. He ultimately signed a power-sharing agreement with opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai, but since then Mugabe has broken its terms and installed his own people at the head of every ministry. Meanwhile, health conditions have reached crisis levels. More than 3800 Zimbabweans have died from cholera since August. U.S. link: Although U.S. leaders have called for Mugabe’s resignation, imports from Zimbabwe (primarily nickel and ferrochromium, both used in stainless steel) rose in 2008. 2. Omar al-Bashir Sudan Age: 65 In power since: 1989 Last year's rank: 2 This month, the International Criminal Court issued an arrest warrant for al-Bashir on charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity for his contributions to the tragedy in Darfur. The ICC charged him with “ murdering, exterminating, raping, torturing, and forcibly transferring large numbers of civilians, and pillaging their property.” Bashir’s military campaign has been accused of driving 2.7 million people from their homes since 2003. U.S. link: Both former President Bush and President Obama have spoken out strongly against Bashir’s actions. Although we’ve imposed trade sanctions against Sudan, the U.S. still supplies the country with substantial amounts of sorghum and other food products. The U.S. also purchases from Sudan millions of dollars worth of gum Arabic, used in soft drinks, candy, and shoe polish. In 2008, U.S. trade with Sudan actually increased to $148 million. 3. Kim Jong-Il North Korea Age: 67 In power since: 1994 Last year's rank: 1 Kim is believed to have suffered a stroke and has been absent from important public events. But his regime continues to be one of the world’s most repressive. Hundreds of thousands of citizens, including children, are imprisoned in labor camps for such “crimes” as hoarding food and “ anti-socialist” activities. U.S. link: Relations with North Korea have been dominated by Kim’s development of nuclear weapons. Secretary of State Clinton recently expressed concern over a possible succession struggle and signs that North Korea is preparing to test a long-range missile, which is considered highly provocative to South Korea and Japan. 4. Than Shwe Burma (Myanmar) Age: 76 In power since: 1992 Last year's rank: 3 Cyclone Nargis slammed into Burma on May 2, leaving some 140,000 dead or missing and more than 2 million homeless. But Than Shwe delayed access to stricken areas by aid groups while he held a rigged election to approve a new constitution. U.S. link: The U.S. has condemned the military regime for 21 years and called for the release from house arrest of Nobel Peace Prize-winner Aung San Suu Kyi. 5. King Abdullah Saudi Arabia Age: 85 In power since: 1995 Last year's rank: 4 Despite King Abdullah’s talk of reform, Saudi women still need permission from male guardians to work, study, travel, marry, or even obtain an ID card. The government opened a women’s branch of its Human Rights Commission, but only men serve on its board. There is no Saudi penal code, and trial defendants often cannot question witnesses. U.S. link: Dependence on Saudi oil—the U.S. imported $50 billion worth in 2008— has caused our leaders to overlook the royal family’s abysmal human-rights record. 6. Jintao China Age: 66 In power since: 2002 Last year's rank: 5 Hu and the Chinese Communist Party won the right to host the 2008 Olympics by promising to improve human rights. Instead, Hu tightened restrictions on freedom of speech and religion. Repression of Tibetans and other minorities has increased dramatically. Political and religious dissidents can be held in “ Re-education Through Labor” camps for up to four years without trial. U.S. link: In September, China passed Japan as America’s #1 foreign creditor. In 2008, we imported about $340 billion worth of goods from China. 7. Sayyid Ali Khamenei Iran Age: 69 In power since: 1989 Last year's rank: 7 Ayatollah Khamenei has increased arrests of nonviolent opponents of his regime, women's-rights activists, ethnic and religious minorities, and journalists. In 2008, Khamenei’s government was the only one in the world to execute juveniles. Iranian law considers boys eligible for the death penalty at age 15 and girls at age 9. U.S. link: Despite the war of words between leaders of the U.S. and Iran, and concern about the possibility of Iran developing nuclear weapons, trade between the two nations skyrocketed in 2008, highlighted by American sales to Iran of wheat, corn, and pharmaceutical products. 8. Isayas Afewerki Eritrea Age: 63 In power since: 1991 Last year's rank: 10 Afewerki announced in May 2008 that elections would be postponed for "three or four decades" or longer because they "polarize society." All forms of media are controlled by the government. At least 10 local journalists remain in prison since their arrests in 2001. U.S. link: In October 2008, the U.S. government banned the sale of arms to Eritrea, accusing Afewerki of “not fully cooperating with anti-terrorism efforts.” 9. Gurbanguly Berdymuhammedov Turkmenistan Age: 51 In power since: 2006 Last year's rank: Unranked The good news is that since he took power two years ago, Berdymuhammedov has eliminated many of the more ridiculous aspects of the personality cult of his predecessor, Saparmurat Niyazov, such as renaming the months after himself and his mother. The bad news is that Berdymuhammedov has kept most of Niyazov’s repressive policies in place. Political prisoners remain behind bars, all media is controlled by the government, opposition parties are not allowed, and the practice of religion is restricted. U.S. link: The U.S. continues to import oil from Turkmenistan ($100 million worth in 2008), while Boeing provides airplanes to the Turkmen government. Chevron recently opened an office in Turkmenistan’s capital, Ashgabat. 10. Muammar al-Qaddafi Libya Age: 66 In power since: 1969 Last year's rank: 11 On Sept. 1, Qaddafi will celebrate the 40th anniversary of his coup. Among nonroyal leaders, only Gabon’s Omar Bongo has been in power longer. Spreading any information that the government believes “tarnishes [Libya’s] reputation” is punishable by life imprisonment. Reports of torture are common. U.S. link: The U.S. imported $4 billion worth of Libyan petroleum in 2008. Last fall, Condoleezza Rice became the first U.S. Secretary of State to visit in 55 years. 11. Islam Karimov Uzbekistan Age: 71 In power since: 1989 Last year's rank: 9 Karimov rose to power when Uzbekistan was still part of the Soviet Union, and he has used brutal tactics to hold on ever since. U.S. trade with Uzbekistan doubled in 2008, as Americans continue to import huge amounts of Uzbek uranium, which is used for nuclear power plants and weapons. In November, Uzbekistan Airways ordered Boeing jetliners worth about $600 million. 12. Bashar al-Assad Syria Age: 43 In power since: 2000 Last year's rank: 12 The Obama administration has signaled an intention to open a dialogue with Assad as a way to move forward Middle East peace efforts and to try to convince Assad to stop funding Hamas and Hezbollah. However, he still runs a harsh, authoritarian regime that is accused of funding assassinations in Lebanon. The U.S. imported $317 million worth of fuel oil from Syria in 2008. 13. Raul Castro Cuba Age: 77 In power since: 2006 Last year's rank: 18 Although Raúl Castro did not formally take power from his brother Fidel until 2006, he already led Cuba’s military and the GAESA, the vast financial conglomerate that controls much of Cuba’s economy. U.S. exports to Cuba have grown from $7 million in 2001 to $718 million in 2008. The main commodities are corn, wheat and other food products. An estimated 5,000 Cuban citizens are serving sentences for “dangerousness.” It is illegal to criticize either of the Castro brothers, and all print and electronic media is owned by the government. According to Human Rights Watch, The Cuban government celebrated International Human Rights Day by beating, threatening and arresting dissidents. 14. Teodoro Obiang Nguema Equatorial Guinea Age: 66 In power since: 1979 Last year's rank: 13 Obiang seized power 30 years ago by overthrowing (and executing) his uncle. In 2008, the U.S. imported more than $3 billion in petroleum products from Equatorial Guinea. In February, an armed attack on the presidential palace was defeated by security forces trained by the U.S. firm of MPRI. 15. Aleksandr Lukashenka Belarus Age: 54 In power since: 1994 Last year's rank: 16 Belarus’ first democratically-elected leader, Lukashenka quickly consolidated power and is now Europe’s only dictator. However, U.S. trade with Belarus has increased in each of the last nine years, with petroleum products accounting for $927 million in imports last year. According to the U.S. State Department, “trial outcomes usually were predetermined,” and some trials are held behind closed doors. 16. Meles Zenawi Ethiopia Age: 53 In power since: 1995 Last year’s rank: 15 A former guerrilla leader, Meles shows no signs of sharing power with anyone. In January, his government passed a law forbidding any NGO that receives more than 10% of its budget from abroad from doing human rights work in Ethiopia. Despite Meles’ excesses, the U.S. considers him an important regional ally and continues to train his military. 17. Idriss Deby Chad Age: 56 In power since: 1990 Last year's rank: 20 The United States imported more than $3 billion worth of crude oil from Chad in 2008. However, according to the U.S. State Department, the human rights record of Déby’s government actually deteriorated during the year, as rebels, backed by Sudan tried to overthrow Déby. His military has been accused of using child soldiers, yet the U.S. continues to train Chadian commandos. 18. King Mswati III Swaziland Age: 40 In power since: 1986 Last year's rank: 14 Africa’s last remaining absolute monarch, Mswati has at least 13 wives. He controls all branches of the government, including the judiciary. According to a government report released in February, 42% of pregnant Swazi women are HIV-positive. 19. Paul Biya Cameroon Age: 76 In power since: 1982 Last year's rank: Unranked Although Cameroon technically has a multiparty system, Biya controls all legislation and is allowed to rule by decree. In April 2008, he amended the constitution to allow himself to run for president again in 2011. The U.S. imported $544 million worth of crude and fuel oil from Cameroon in 2008 and exported $59 million worth of drilling and oilfield equipment. 20. Hosni Mubarak Egypt Age: 80 In power since: 1981 Last year's rank: 17 The use of torture in Egypt has been widely documented. In response to international pressure, Mubarak allowed local elections in 2008, but in 80% of the contests, his party’s candidates ran unopposed. He made it so difficult to register or campaign that turnout was estimated at only 3%. The U.S. gives Egypt $1.3 billion in military aid each year. In 2008, U.S. trade with Egypt hit $8.4 billion.